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The talk explores how the design of educational reforms can earn or erode support among educators and communities, and the consequences for the sustained work of organizational learning and improvement. The central argument is that while legitimacy helps constitute the conditions under which organizational learning and improvement become possible, legitimacy, itself, is tied to the degree to which reform efforts resonate with local identities and collective memory. 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We argue that the presence of shared contacts creates the opportunity structure for racial disparities in ties formed by reducing transparency and diffusing accountability, particularly when those ties provide access to career-advancing work. Using a longitudinal network dataset combining personnel and staffing records of 2,481 new hires in a professional services firm, we estimate the causal effect of having shared contacts on subsequent year-end tie formation. We find that the effect of shared contacts on subsequent tie formation is approximately 94% lower for Black than for White new hires, although no such gap exists when ties form in the absence of shared contacts. 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A growing empirical literature links such arrangements to declines in job quality along several dimensions, with studies of domestic outsourcing documenting sizable wage penalties (Dube and Kaplan 2010; Goldschmidt and Schmieder 2017) and generally elevated employment instability (Aeppli 2025). We contribute to the literature on fissuring and job quality by examining the case of franchising, which has gone relatively little examined due to limits of existing data. We take on this question by deploying two sources of novel linked data in the US context. First, we use a national individual-level sample of thousands of hourly workers employed at dozens of fast food firms surveyed between 2019 and 2025 collected by The Shift Project. These data provide both unusually detailed direct worker reports of job quality and the capacity to link responses at the firm level to organizational attributes. We make use of this capacity for linkage by leveraging a second source of novel data, legally required annual Franchise Disclosure Documents (FDDs), which report, by state and year, the number of company-owned and franchised outlets as well as detailed contractual provisions that aim to standardize production. We scraped state-firm-year level counts of franchised and company-owned establishments for major fast-food chains for the years 2019 to 2024. We show that workers in franchised fast-food restaurants make, on average, $1.7\\hr less than workers in non-franchised fast-food restaurants, and have, on average, a 40-50 p.p. lower rate of access to paid sick leave and a stable schedule. In an overall job quality index, including dimensions such as wages, quality of hours worked, scheduling, fringe benefits, and work-life balance, franchisee companies have, on average, a score that is 3\/4 of a standard deviation lower than that of non-franchise companies. Using the staggered implementation of Paid Sick Leave policies across 11 states, we show that these policies reduced the gap in access to PSL by 26 percentage points. 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I argue that these patterns partially reflect the long history of the demand for agricultural labor in the South. To evaluate this claim, I examine how two shocks to agricultural labor demand\u2014the boll weevil infestation and the introduction of the mechanical cotton harvester\u2014affected incarceration in the South. The talk will close with some reflections on how these findings clarify the relationship between incarceration and slavery, the criminal surety system, and broader shifts in the agricultural economy in the United States.", "occurrence_notes":null, "guid":"150517-21909539@events.umich.edu", "permalink":"http:\/\/events.umich.edu\/event\/150517", "building_id":"1005177", "building_name":"North Quad", "campus_maps_id":"553", "room":"4325", "location_name":"North Quad", "has_livestream":0, "cost":"", "tags":["seminar","Economics","History","Sociology"], "website":"https:\/\/lsa.umich.edu\/econ", "sponsors":[ { "group_name":"Department of Sociology", "group_id":"3478", "website":"" } ], "image_url":"https:\/\/events.umich.edu\/media\/attachments\/2026\/09\/event_150517_original-2.jpg", "styled_images":{ "event_thumb":"https:\/\/events.umich.edu\/media\/cache\/resolve\/event_thumb\/media\/attachments\/2026\/09\/event_150517_original-2.jpg", "event_large":"https:\/\/events.umich.edu\/media\/cache\/event_large\/media\/attachments\/2026\/09\/event_150517_original-2.jpg", "event_large_2x":"https:\/\/events.umich.edu\/media\/cache\/event_large_2x\/media\/attachments\/2026\/09\/event_150517_original-2.jpg", "event_large_lightbox":"https:\/\/events.umich.edu\/media\/cache\/resolve\/event_large_lightbox\/media\/attachments\/2026\/09\/event_150517_original-2.jpg", "group_thumb":"https:\/\/events.umich.edu\/media\/cache\/resolve\/group_thumb\/media\/attachments\/2026\/09\/event_150517_original-2.jpg", "group_thumb_square":"https:\/\/events.umich.edu\/media\/cache\/resolve\/group_thumb_square\/media\/attachments\/2026\/09\/event_150517_original-2.jpg", "group_large":"https:\/\/events.umich.edu\/media\/cache\/resolve\/group_large\/media\/attachments\/2026\/09\/event_150517_original-2.jpg", "group_large_lightbox":"https:\/\/events.umich.edu\/media\/cache\/resolve\/group_large_lightbox\/media\/attachments\/2026\/09\/event_150517_original-2.jpg", "event_large_crop":"https:\/\/events.umich.edu\/media\/cache\/resolve\/event_large_crop\/media\/attachments\/2026\/09\/event_150517_original-2.jpg", "event_list":"https:\/\/events.umich.edu\/media\/cache\/resolve\/event_list\/media\/attachments\/2026\/09\/event_150517_original-2.jpg", "event_list_2x":"https:\/\/events.umich.edu\/media\/cache\/event_list_2x\/media\/attachments\/2026\/09\/event_150517_original-2.jpg", "event_grid":"https:\/\/events.umich.edu\/media\/cache\/event_grid\/media\/attachments\/2026\/09\/event_150517_original-2.jpg", "event_grid_2x":"https:\/\/events.umich.edu\/media\/cache\/resolve\/event_grid_2x\/media\/attachments\/2026\/09\/event_150517_original-2.jpg", "event_feature_large":"https:\/\/events.umich.edu\/media\/cache\/resolve\/event_feature_large\/media\/attachments\/2026\/09\/event_150517_original-2.jpg", "event_feature_thumb":"https:\/\/events.umich.edu\/media\/cache\/event_feature_thumb\/media\/attachments\/2026\/09\/event_150517_original-2.jpg" }, "occurrence_count":1, "first_occurrence":21909539 } , "152450-21913752": { "datetime_modified":"20260918T142823", "datetime_start":"20261204T133000", "datetime_end":"20261204T150000", "has_end_time":1, "date_start":"2026-12-04", "date_end":"2026-12-04", "time_start":"13:30:00", "time_end":"15:00:00", "time_zone":"America\/Detroit", "event_title":"Gender, Feedback, and Persistence Following Rejection: Evidence from Academic Grant Competitions", "occurrence_title":"", "combined_title":"Gender, Feedback, and Persistence Following Rejection: Evidence from Academic Grant Competitions: Laura Doering, University of Toronto", "event_subtitle":"Laura Doering, University of Toronto", "event_type":"Workshop \/ Seminar", "event_type_id":"21", "description":"Research on gender inequality in high-status careers often finds that women are less likely to persist\u2013or reapply\u2013following rejections from professional opportunities. We revisit this account by examining how performance feedback shapes persistence. Using data on 3,298 rejected applicants to Canada\u2019s Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council, we analyze how performance feedback\u2013specifically, applicants\u2019 distance from the funding cutoff\u2013affects the likelihood of reapplication. Contrary to conventional accounts, we find no overall gender difference in persistence: women and men are equally likely to reapply following rejection. Gender differences emerge only under conditions of highly negative feedback. Among applicants whose proposals fall far below the funding threshold, men are more likely than women to reapply, particularly in male-dominant fields. Drawing on interviews with 30 applicants, we show that these differences reflect gendered interpretations of feedback and variation in perceived reapplication effort. Returning to the quantitative data, we find that women who reapply following low-scoring proposals are more likely than men to secure funding in subsequent rounds. Examining persistence alone can therefore be misleading: women with low scores reapply less often, but when they do, they appear to exert more effort and are more likely to succeed, reflecting a more selective approach to pursuing opportunities.", "occurrence_notes":null, "guid":"152450-21913752@events.umich.edu", "permalink":"http:\/\/events.umich.edu\/event\/152450", "building_id":"1005188", "building_name":"Ross School of Business", "campus_maps_id":"547", "room":"R2240", "location_name":"Ross School of Business", "has_livestream":0, "cost":"", "tags":["Sociology","Organizational Studies"], "website":"https:\/\/icos.umich.edu\/lecture\/laura-doering-university-of-toronto\/", "sponsors":[ { "group_name":"Department of Sociology", "group_id":"3478", "website":"" } ], "image_url":"https:\/\/events.umich.edu\/media\/attachments\/2026\/09\/event_152450_original-1.jpg", "styled_images":{ "event_thumb":"https:\/\/events.umich.edu\/media\/cache\/resolve\/event_thumb\/media\/attachments\/2026\/09\/crop-event_152450_original-1.jpg", "event_large":"https:\/\/events.umich.edu\/media\/cache\/resolve\/event_large\/media\/attachments\/2026\/09\/crop-event_152450_original-1.jpg", "event_large_2x":"https:\/\/events.umich.edu\/media\/cache\/event_large_2x\/media\/attachments\/2026\/09\/crop-event_152450_original-1.jpg", "event_large_lightbox":"https:\/\/events.umich.edu\/media\/cache\/resolve\/event_large_lightbox\/media\/attachments\/2026\/09\/crop-event_152450_original-1.jpg", "group_thumb":"https:\/\/events.umich.edu\/media\/cache\/resolve\/group_thumb\/media\/attachments\/2026\/09\/crop-event_152450_original-1.jpg", "group_thumb_square":"https:\/\/events.umich.edu\/media\/cache\/resolve\/group_thumb_square\/media\/attachments\/2026\/09\/crop-event_152450_original-1.jpg", "group_large":"https:\/\/events.umich.edu\/media\/cache\/resolve\/group_large\/media\/attachments\/2026\/09\/crop-event_152450_original-1.jpg", "group_large_lightbox":"https:\/\/events.umich.edu\/media\/cache\/resolve\/group_large_lightbox\/media\/attachments\/2026\/09\/crop-event_152450_original-1.jpg", "event_large_crop":"https:\/\/events.umich.edu\/media\/cache\/resolve\/event_large_crop\/media\/attachments\/2026\/09\/crop-event_152450_original-1.jpg", "event_list":"https:\/\/events.umich.edu\/media\/cache\/resolve\/event_list\/media\/attachments\/2026\/09\/crop-event_152450_original-1.jpg", "event_list_2x":"https:\/\/events.umich.edu\/media\/cache\/event_list_2x\/media\/attachments\/2026\/09\/crop-event_152450_original-1.jpg", "event_grid":"https:\/\/events.umich.edu\/media\/cache\/event_grid\/media\/attachments\/2026\/09\/crop-event_152450_original-1.jpg", "event_grid_2x":"https:\/\/events.umich.edu\/media\/cache\/resolve\/event_grid_2x\/media\/attachments\/2026\/09\/crop-event_152450_original-1.jpg", "event_feature_large":"https:\/\/events.umich.edu\/media\/cache\/resolve\/event_feature_large\/media\/attachments\/2026\/09\/crop-event_152450_original-1.jpg", "event_feature_thumb":"https:\/\/events.umich.edu\/media\/cache\/resolve\/event_feature_thumb\/media\/attachments\/2026\/09\/crop-event_152450_original-1.jpg" }, "occurrence_count":1, "first_occurrence":21913752 } , "151118-21910883": { "datetime_modified":"20260828T130114", "datetime_start":"20261211T133000", "datetime_end":"20261211T150000", "has_end_time":1, "date_start":"2026-12-11", "date_end":"2026-12-11", "time_start":"13:30:00", "time_end":"15:00:00", "time_zone":"America\/Detroit", "event_title":"The Role of Young Firms as Employers of Marginalized Workers", "occurrence_title":"", "combined_title":"The Role of Young Firms as Employers of Marginalized Workers: Kylie Jiwon Hwang, Northwestern University", "event_subtitle":"Kylie Jiwon Hwang, Northwestern University", "event_type":"Workshop \/ Seminar", "event_type_id":"21", "description":"Young firms have long been known to be important drivers of job creation, yet little is known about how and who these firms hire. We provide new evidence that they are disproportionate employers of a largely \u201cunemployable\u201d group: individuals with criminal records. Using administrative data on U.S. workers, firms, and the criminal justice system, we show that young firms struggle to compete for labor against established firms and subsequently hire disproportionately from people with criminal records. Following a criminal conviction, a worker becomes 21% more likely to take a job at a young firm. We show this pattern reflects firm-side constraints rather than worker or young firm preferences: young firms conduct fewer background checks and draw from a residual pool of workers that established firms have screened out. Consistent with this mechanism, sorting is substantially stronger for heavily stigmatized offenses, weaker in tight labor markets where established firms lower their screening standards, and weaker under Ban-the-Box policies that restrict established firms\u2019 ability to screen. Using a Bartik instrument, we show that counties with more jobs at young firms see higher employment rates for workers with criminal records but no change in recidivism, suggesting these jobs expand labor market access for these workers, but may not produce the stability needed to deter re-offending.", "occurrence_notes":null, "guid":"151118-21910883@events.umich.edu", "permalink":"http:\/\/events.umich.edu\/event\/151118", "building_id":"1005188", "building_name":"Ross School of Business", "campus_maps_id":"547", "room":"R2440", "location_name":"Ross School of Business", "has_livestream":0, "cost":"", "tags":["Bartik","Criminal Justice","Organizational Studies"], "website":"https:\/\/icos.umich.edu\/lecture\/kylie-jiwon-hwang-northwestern-university\/", "sponsors":[ { "group_name":"Department of Sociology", "group_id":"3478", "website":"" } ], "image_url":"https:\/\/events.umich.edu\/media\/attachments\/2026\/08\/event_151118_original-1.jpg", "styled_images":{ "event_thumb":"https:\/\/events.umich.edu\/media\/cache\/event_thumb\/media\/attachments\/2026\/08\/event_151118_original-1.jpg", "event_large":"https:\/\/events.umich.edu\/media\/cache\/event_large\/media\/attachments\/2026\/08\/event_151118_original-1.jpg", "event_large_2x":"https:\/\/events.umich.edu\/media\/cache\/event_large_2x\/media\/attachments\/2026\/08\/event_151118_original-1.jpg", "event_large_lightbox":"https:\/\/events.umich.edu\/media\/cache\/event_large_lightbox\/media\/attachments\/2026\/08\/event_151118_original-1.jpg", "group_thumb":"https:\/\/events.umich.edu\/media\/cache\/resolve\/group_thumb\/media\/attachments\/2026\/08\/event_151118_original-1.jpg", "group_thumb_square":"https:\/\/events.umich.edu\/media\/cache\/resolve\/group_thumb_square\/media\/attachments\/2026\/08\/event_151118_original-1.jpg", "group_large":"https:\/\/events.umich.edu\/media\/cache\/resolve\/group_large\/media\/attachments\/2026\/08\/event_151118_original-1.jpg", "group_large_lightbox":"https:\/\/events.umich.edu\/media\/cache\/resolve\/group_large_lightbox\/media\/attachments\/2026\/08\/event_151118_original-1.jpg", "event_large_crop":"https:\/\/events.umich.edu\/media\/cache\/resolve\/event_large_crop\/media\/attachments\/2026\/08\/event_151118_original-1.jpg", "event_list":"https:\/\/events.umich.edu\/media\/cache\/resolve\/event_list\/media\/attachments\/2026\/08\/event_151118_original-1.jpg", "event_list_2x":"https:\/\/events.umich.edu\/media\/cache\/event_list_2x\/media\/attachments\/2026\/08\/event_151118_original-1.jpg", "event_grid":"https:\/\/events.umich.edu\/media\/cache\/event_grid\/media\/attachments\/2026\/08\/event_151118_original-1.jpg", "event_grid_2x":"https:\/\/events.umich.edu\/media\/cache\/resolve\/event_grid_2x\/media\/attachments\/2026\/08\/event_151118_original-1.jpg", "event_feature_large":"https:\/\/events.umich.edu\/media\/cache\/resolve\/event_feature_large\/media\/attachments\/2026\/08\/event_151118_original-1.jpg", "event_feature_thumb":"https:\/\/events.umich.edu\/media\/cache\/event_feature_thumb\/media\/attachments\/2026\/08\/event_151118_original-1.jpg" }, "occurrence_count":1, "first_occurrence":21910883 } }