{ "149558-21906702": { "datetime_modified":"20260907T234737", "datetime_start":"20260915T113000", "datetime_end":"20260915T125000", "has_end_time":1, "date_start":"2026-09-15", "date_end":"2026-09-15", "time_start":"11:30:00", "time_end":"12:50:00", "time_zone":"America\/Detroit", "event_title":"Why Didn't the U.S. Unemployment Rate Rise at the End of WWII? (with Shigergu Fujita)", "occurrence_title":"", "combined_title":"Why Didn't the U.S. Unemployment Rate Rise at the End of WWII? (with Shigergu Fujita): Valerie Ramey, Stanford University", "event_subtitle":"Valerie Ramey, Stanford University", "event_type":"Workshop \/ Seminar", "event_type_id":"21", "description":"This paper investigates why the U.S. unemployment rate rose only a few percentage points despite the dramatic decline in government spending and other upheaval at the end of World War II. Using a new longitudinal data set based on archival sources and government surveys, we study the many facets of this question. Our findings suggest the following answers. First, the dramatic decline in government spending led to a significantly smaller decrease in GDP than predicted by standard Keynesian models. Instead, private job creation surged as private activity was \u201ccrowded in\u201d by the fall in government spending. Second, even accounting for the smaller fall in GDP, the unemployment rate rose much less than predicted by Okun\u2019s Law. We develop a new decomposition method that reveals how unusual movements in labor force participation rates, hours worked, and productivity led to a breakdown in Okun\u2019s law during the 1940s. Third, the U.S. labor market worked with astounding efficiency: despite large sectoral shifts at the end of the war, most of the workers who separated from their jobs moved directly into new jobs without experiencing unemployment. All of these factors lined up to create a post-war boom despite the largest fall in government spending in U.S. history.", "occurrence_notes":null, "guid":"149558-21906702@events.umich.edu", "permalink":"http:\/\/events.umich.edu\/event\/149558", "building_id":"1005177", "building_name":"North Quad", "campus_maps_id":"553", "room":"4325", "location_name":"North Quad", "has_livestream":0, "cost":"", "tags":["Macroeconomics","Economics","seminar"], "website":"http:\/\/www.lsa.umich.edu\/econ", "sponsors":[ { "group_name":"Department of Economics", "group_id":"3302", "website":"http:\/\/www.lsa.umich.edu\/econ" }, { "group_name":"Economic History", "group_id":"3549", "website":"" }, { "group_name":"Michael Beauregard Seminar in Macroeconomics", "group_id":"3552", "website":"" }, { "group_name":"Department of Economics Seminars", "group_id":"3566", "website":"" } ], "image_url":"https:\/\/events.umich.edu\/media\/attachments\/2026\/08\/event_149558_original-2.jpg", "styled_images":{ "event_thumb":"https:\/\/events.umich.edu\/media\/cache\/event_thumb\/media\/attachments\/2026\/08\/event_149558_original-2.jpg", "event_large":"https:\/\/events.umich.edu\/media\/cache\/event_large\/media\/attachments\/2026\/08\/event_149558_original-2.jpg", "event_large_2x":"https:\/\/events.umich.edu\/media\/cache\/event_large_2x\/media\/attachments\/2026\/08\/event_149558_original-2.jpg", "event_large_lightbox":"https:\/\/events.umich.edu\/media\/cache\/event_large_lightbox\/media\/attachments\/2026\/08\/event_149558_original-2.jpg", "group_thumb":"https:\/\/events.umich.edu\/media\/cache\/group_thumb\/media\/attachments\/2026\/08\/event_149558_original-2.jpg", "group_thumb_square":"https:\/\/events.umich.edu\/media\/cache\/group_thumb_square\/media\/attachments\/2026\/08\/event_149558_original-2.jpg", "group_large":"https:\/\/events.umich.edu\/media\/cache\/group_large\/media\/attachments\/2026\/08\/event_149558_original-2.jpg", "group_large_lightbox":"https:\/\/events.umich.edu\/media\/cache\/group_large_lightbox\/media\/attachments\/2026\/08\/event_149558_original-2.jpg", "event_large_crop":"https:\/\/events.umich.edu\/media\/cache\/event_large_crop\/media\/attachments\/2026\/08\/event_149558_original-2.jpg", "event_list":"https:\/\/events.umich.edu\/media\/cache\/event_list\/media\/attachments\/2026\/08\/event_149558_original-2.jpg", "event_list_2x":"https:\/\/events.umich.edu\/media\/cache\/event_list_2x\/media\/attachments\/2026\/08\/event_149558_original-2.jpg", "event_grid":"https:\/\/events.umich.edu\/media\/cache\/event_grid\/media\/attachments\/2026\/08\/event_149558_original-2.jpg", "event_grid_2x":"https:\/\/events.umich.edu\/media\/cache\/event_grid_2x\/media\/attachments\/2026\/08\/event_149558_original-2.jpg", "event_feature_large":"https:\/\/events.umich.edu\/media\/cache\/event_feature_large\/media\/attachments\/2026\/08\/event_149558_original-2.jpg", "event_feature_thumb":"https:\/\/events.umich.edu\/media\/cache\/event_feature_thumb\/media\/attachments\/2026\/08\/event_149558_original-2.jpg" }, "occurrence_count":1, "first_occurrence":21906702 } , "152024-21912633": { "datetime_modified":"20260911T131259", "datetime_start":"20260915T120000", "datetime_end":"20260915T160000", "has_end_time":1, "date_start":"2026-09-15", "date_end":"2026-09-15", "time_start":"12:00:00", "time_end":"16:00:00", "time_zone":"America\/Detroit", "event_title":"\u201cWho Counts? A History of Voting in America\u201d", "occurrence_title":"", "combined_title":"\u201cWho Counts? A History of Voting in America\u201d", "event_subtitle":"", "event_type":"Exhibition", "event_type_id":"7", "description":"Changes over the course of the nineteenth century in how Americans voted, from voice vote to public ballot box to private voting booth, also saw changes in the material culture that surrounded voting. Ballots and ballot boxes, campaign pins and ribbons, blank lists and pre-printed party tickets, lanterns and banners\u2013the creative forces of the American print industry filled the country\u2019s cities and small towns with the ephemera of electioneering.\n\nAs you look at the items in this exhibit, think about what they tell us about how Americans in the past felt about voting, and about how voting felt. How did Election Days feel when they were full of parades and music and public drinking? What was it like to vote when everyone around you knew who you voted for? And, most of all, who counted as a voter, and who did the counting?\n\nOn view September 11-December 22, weekdays from 12-4 pm.", "occurrence_notes":null, "guid":"152024-21912633@events.umich.edu", "permalink":"http:\/\/events.umich.edu\/event\/152024", "building_id":"1000159", "building_name":"William Clements Library", "campus_maps_id":"165", "room":"", "location_name":"William Clements Library", "has_livestream":0, "cost":"", "tags":["William L Clements","Tour","Library","libraries","In Person","history","Exhibition","Exhibit","Event","Americana","american history","american culture"], "website":"https:\/\/clements.umich.edu\/exhibit\/who-counts\/", "sponsors":[ { "group_name":"William L. 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