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        "event_title":"Creating a More Inclusive Culture",
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        "combined_title":"Creating a More Inclusive Culture",
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        "event_type":"Careers \/ Jobs",
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        "description":"With more than 45,000 associates, PetSmart not only celebrates the impact pets have in enriching people's lives\u2014we live it. Today, our diversity and inclusion programs lead with Belonging, and we focus oncelebrating the backgrounds, experiences, and differences that make allof us unique. Beyond the home office, we engage with our community hands-on and support organizations that promote diversity, inclusion, and equity. Join us as we discuss the importance of creating a more inclusive culture by showing up and giving back.",
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        "event_title":"A Garden of Earthy Delights: Ceramic Sculptures by Ann Arbor Potters Guild at Matthaei Botanical Gardens",
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        "combined_title":"A Garden of Earthy Delights: Ceramic Sculptures by Ann Arbor Potters Guild at Matthaei Botanical Gardens",
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        "event_type":"Exhibition",
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        "description":"Inspired by the synergy between nature\u2019s beauty and complexity, and in partnership with the University of Michigan Matthaei Botanical Gardens, artists from the Ann Arbor Potters Guild created work centered around Michigan\u2019s natural landscapes and specifically for the Great Lakes Garden at Matthaei. Potters Guild artists created eight free-standing sculptures using the full range of traditional ceramic methods and tools, the potter\u2019s wheel, press molds, coil building, slab construction, and sculpting. Depictions range from naturalistic and representational, to abstract, as well as a whimsical nod or two to the timeless role of fantasy and myth in humankind\u2019s communion with nature. Exhibit is free but scheduled reservations are required to visit the botanical gardens. Use this link to book your visit: https:\/\/www.signupgenius.com\/go\/8050f4aadad22a2fd0-matthaei1",
        "occurrence_notes":"Reservations required to visit the exhibit and the botanical gardens. Use this link: https:\/\/www.signupgenius.com\/go\/8050f4aadad22a2fd0-matthaei1",
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        "event_title":"BME PhD Defense: Dorsa Haji Ghaffari",
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        "combined_title":"BME PhD Defense: Dorsa Haji Ghaffari: Improving the Resolution of Prosthetic Vision through Stimulus Parameter Optimization",
        "event_subtitle":"Improving the Resolution of Prosthetic Vision through Stimulus Parameter Optimization",
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        "description":"Retinal prostheses have restored a sense of vision in patients blinded by photoreceptor degeneration. These electronic implants operate by electrically stimulating the remaining retinal cells. While retinal prosthesis users report improvements in light perception and performing basic visual tasks, their ability to perceive shapes and letters remains limited. Investigating stimulation strategies to reduce perceptual thresholds and create focal, non-overlapping phosphenes will increase the resolution of retinal prostheses and improve the overall patient outcomes. In this thesis I explore two main strategies for electrode-specific optimization of stimulation parameters: 1) a novel pulse paradigm for threshold reduction, and 2) an automated closed-loop method for adjusting stimulation parameters to create a focal retinal activation area. \r\n\r\nI combined human subject testing and computational modeling to investigate the effect of waveform asymmetry on perception shapes and thresholds with epiretinal stimulation. Threshold measurement and phosphene shape analysis was performed on four Argus II users. A computational model of a retinal ganglion cell (RGC) was created in the NEURON simulation environment to allow for a more thorough parameter testing and to gain insight into the biophysical mechanisms. Our human subject results suggest that asymmetric waveforms could increase perception probabilities compared to a standard symmetric pulse, and this effect can be intensified by addition of an interphase gap (IPG). Our in silico model predicts that the most effective pulse for threshold reduction is asymmetric anodic-first stimulation with small duration ratios (\u2264 5) and long IPGs (\u2265 2 ms). Phosphene shape analysis revealed no significant difference in percept elongation with different pulse types. Average phosphene area was larger with asymmetric anodic-first stimulation compared to other pulse types.\r\n\r\nProsthetic vision quality is highly dependent on the capability to precisely activate target neurons and avoid off-target activation. However, studies show elongated and inconsistent responses to single electrode stimulation, indicating unintended stimulation of off-target neurons and electrode-specific activation patterns. While tuning stimulation parameters can transform the spatial RGC activity, a manual search for optimal parameters can be time consuming and tiring for patients. I developed a process for automatic optimization of stimulation parameters in silico, which involved training neural networks for quantifying the relationship between pulse parameters and spatial response descriptors, and a closed-loop algorithm to search for optimal parameters. Using this process, I was able to guide the parameter search effectively and converge to an optimal response within a few iterations. \r\n\r\nFinally, I presented a process for automatic optimization of stimulation parameters in vitro using calcium imaging in mouse retina. This process involved training neural networks at each iteration based on a few images, using an interior point algorithm to find the optimal parameters, and classifying the resulting calcium images with a CNN trained on previous data. Our results indicate that we can converge to optimal stimulation parameters that create focal RGC activity by sampling less than 1\/3 of the parameter space. This approach can shorten the exploration time significantly compared to a manual search, especially when the parameter space is large. Findings of this project could lead to the development of a clinically applicable system for electrode-specific optimization of stimulation protocol, improving the overall outcome of artificial vision.\r\n\r\nDate: Thursday, August 5, 2021\r\nTime: 11:00 AM\r\nZoom: https:\/\/umich.zoom.us\/j\/93552322970\r\nChair: Dr. James Weiland",
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