Happening @ Michigan https://events.umich.edu/list/rss RSS Feed for Happening @ Michigan Events at the University of Michigan. Smith Lecture: Surface Water-Groundwater Exchange and Nitrogen Fate in Tidal Rivers (September 8, 2017 3:30pm) https://events.umich.edu/event/41527 41527-9326538@events.umich.edu Event Begins: Friday, September 8, 2017 3:30pm
Location: 1100 North University Building
Organized By: Earth and Environmental Sciences

Tides in coastal rivers can propagate tens to hundreds of kilometers inland and drive pulses in water and nutrient exchange between rivers and their surrounding aquifers. Our group is using field observations and numerical models to understand enhanced surface water-groundwater exchange and nitrogen transformations in the riparian zones of tidal rivers. At our field site in White Clay Creek (Delaware, USA), we observe that tidal water table fluctuations aerate shallow groundwater in the banks, which allows high nitrate concentrations to develop. Continuous depth-resolved measurements of redox potential suggest that the zone of elevated nitrate is relatively stable over tidal timescales but moves up or down in response to storms. Much of the nitrate is removed by denitrification along oscillating flow paths towards the channel. However, denitrification is limited within centimeters of the sediment-water interface by the mixing of groundwater with oxygen-rich river water. Our models predict that the benthic zones of tidal rivers play an important role in removing new nitrate inputs from discharging groundwater but may be less effective at removing nitrate from river water. Nitrate removal and production rates are expected to vary significantly along tidal rivers as permeability, organic matter content, tidal range vary. It is imperative that we understand nitrogen dynamics along tidal rivers and their role in nitrogen export to the coast.

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Lecture / Discussion Mon, 07 Aug 2017 13:36:39 -0400 2017-09-08T15:30:00-04:00 2017-09-08T16:30:00-04:00 1100 North University Building Earth and Environmental Sciences Lecture / Discussion 1100 North University Building
Smith Lecture: Quantifying Natural Hazards: From Earthquake Damage to Debris Flows (September 15, 2017 3:30pm) https://events.umich.edu/event/41528 41528-9326539@events.umich.edu Event Begins: Friday, September 15, 2017 3:30pm
Location: 1100 North University Building
Organized By: Earth and Environmental Sciences

Many natural hazards have been well known and qualitatively understood for decades, but still lack accurate measures of how damaging future events will be. For example, despite many years of research, it still remains a question as to how much variability in ground motions one should expect of a large San Andreas type earthquake, and whether early warning for debris flows can be successfully implemented. In this talk, I address both of these questions by using simple but physically sound mechanical principles to quantify certain aspects of these hazards.

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Lecture / Discussion Wed, 26 Jul 2017 08:48:00 -0400 2017-09-15T15:30:00-04:00 2017-09-15T16:30:00-04:00 1100 North University Building Earth and Environmental Sciences Lecture / Discussion 1100 North University Building
Patient Centered Care Approach of Traditional Chinese Medicine (September 18, 2017 12:00pm) https://events.umich.edu/event/43928 43928-9855167@events.umich.edu Event Begins: Monday, September 18, 2017 12:00pm
Location: 1100 North University Building
Organized By: U-M College of Pharmacy

Brought to you by the College of Pharmacy's International Chinese Student Cohort.

What does patient centered care look like in other cultures? In Chinese culture this approach is focused on preventing illness using herbal medicines and various mind and body practices. Please join us as we learn from the PharmD international students from China, who will share about their culture’s approaches to caring for patients, and explore what it means for working with diverse populations in the United States.

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Lecture / Discussion Fri, 08 Sep 2017 13:30:27 -0400 2017-09-18T12:00:00-04:00 2017-09-18T13:00:00-04:00 1100 North University Building U-M College of Pharmacy Lecture / Discussion 1100 North University Building
EEB Tuesday Lunch Seminar: Everything (maybe) you wanted to know about the new Biological Sciences Building (September 19, 2017 12:10pm) https://events.umich.edu/event/42875 42875-9675052@events.umich.edu Event Begins: Tuesday, September 19, 2017 12:10pm
Location: 1100 North University Building
Organized By: EEB Tuesday Lunch Seminars

NOTE LOCATION CHANGE. Bring your lunch and join us for this weekly seminar

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Workshop / Seminar Thu, 14 Sep 2017 14:03:55 -0400 2017-09-19T12:10:00-04:00 2017-09-19T13:00:00-04:00 1100 North University Building EEB Tuesday Lunch Seminars Workshop / Seminar Biological Sciences Building
Women in Healthcare Leadership Panel (September 19, 2017 5:30pm) https://events.umich.edu/event/43937 43937-9855177@events.umich.edu Event Begins: Tuesday, September 19, 2017 5:30pm
Location: 1100 North University Building
Organized By: U-M College of Pharmacy

Brought to you by Industry Pharmacy Organization (IPhO).

The purpose of this panel is to create an open and honest forum to share best practices, ask questions, empower, and support the network of professional women. We welcome all students, faculty, and staff to join us for an evening of enlightening conversations! Please RSVP and consider answering the optional questions as we will heavily utilize your feedback to guide the event!

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Lecture / Discussion Fri, 08 Sep 2017 14:02:38 -0400 2017-09-19T17:30:00-04:00 2017-09-19T19:00:00-04:00 1100 North University Building U-M College of Pharmacy Lecture / Discussion 1100 North University Building
Diversity of Thought in Drug Product Development (September 21, 2017 12:00pm) https://events.umich.edu/event/43930 43930-9855169@events.umich.edu Event Begins: Thursday, September 21, 2017 12:00pm
Location: 1100 North University Building
Organized By: U-M College of Pharmacy

Brought to you by Industry Pharmacy Organization (IPhO).

Dr. Sharon Watling, a former PharmD student at the University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, now a Principle Consultant with Boston Biomedical Associates, where she serves as a clinical development consultant for small molecules, gene, and cell therapies. Dr. Watling will speak about the various steps involved in drug product development, starting from the pre-clinical phase all the way through the post marketing phase. She will also explain the diversity of thought present throughout the drug development process as well as the diversity of instrumental roles that pharmacists can play in the process. For questions, please contact ipho.info@umich.edu. Please RSVP.

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Lecture / Discussion Fri, 08 Sep 2017 13:44:54 -0400 2017-09-21T12:00:00-04:00 2017-09-21T13:00:00-04:00 1100 North University Building U-M College of Pharmacy Lecture / Discussion 1100 North University Building
Diverse Journeys Panel (September 21, 2017 5:00pm) https://events.umich.edu/event/43929 43929-9911808@events.umich.edu Event Begins: Thursday, September 21, 2017 5:00pm
Location: 1100 North University Building
Organized By: U-M College of Pharmacy

Brought to you by Multicultural Pharmacy Student Organization (MPSO).

Have you ever wondered about how identities affect the path we travel in our professions? Have you ever wanted to ask someone about how their experiences shaped where they are today? Then come hear our panel of pharmacists and other professionals as they share their stories! For questions, contact Bianca Campbell bscampb@med.umich.edu.

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Lecture / Discussion Fri, 08 Sep 2017 13:39:56 -0400 2017-09-21T17:00:00-04:00 2017-09-21T18:30:00-04:00 1100 North University Building U-M College of Pharmacy Lecture / Discussion 1100 North University Building
Smith Lecture: The Colorado River, Climate Change, Drought, and Implications for the Globe (September 22, 2017 3:30pm) https://events.umich.edu/event/41529 41529-9326540@events.umich.edu Event Begins: Friday, September 22, 2017 3:30pm
Location: 1100 North University Building
Organized By: Earth and Environmental Sciences

Many current assessments of future climate and hydrologic change suggest that current drylands around the globe could become drier with continued anthropogenic climate change. In some regions, such as the southwest U.S., there is an observed trend in this direction. This is particularly true for the Colorado River, where the nature of drought is shifting to a more temperature-dominated climate extreme. At the same time, however, some recent and influential scientific assessments suggest that temperature-driven drying could be compensated by precipitation increases with little net increase to water supply or ecosystem risk. A new approach integrating the examination of temperature, precipitation and drought risk indicate that Colorado River flows, water supplies, and ecosystems in the Southwest are already being seriously affected by warming, and that continued warming could result in much larger water supply losses than widely thought, even if mean precipitation increases. The implications of these results have serious implications for terrestrial systems in many parts of the globe, including regions with higher average precipitation (e.g., the Amazon and Great Lakes regions). Interestingly, we may be able to say this with high confidence.

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Lecture / Discussion Thu, 27 Jul 2017 09:11:51 -0400 2017-09-22T15:30:00-04:00 2017-09-22T16:30:00-04:00 1100 North University Building Earth and Environmental Sciences Lecture / Discussion 1100 North University Building
Smith Lecture: Global Fresh Water Ages (September 29, 2017 3:30pm) https://events.umich.edu/event/41530 41530-9326541@events.umich.edu Event Begins: Friday, September 29, 2017 3:30pm
Location: 1100 North University Building
Organized By: Earth and Environmental Sciences

The time that rain and melting snow take to flow into a river or to a location under the ground impacts nutrient and contaminant transport, and is therefore important to sustaining healthy humans and ecosystems. These ‘water ages’ of streamflow and groundwaters have remained poorly understood. Here, we use stable and radioactive isotope compositions of rain, snow, groundwater and streamflow to map the relative amounts of younger versus older water (i) flowing in rivers, or (ii) discharging from groundwater wells. First, our research shows that ~1/3 of global streamflow is recent rain or snow that fell and flowed to the stream in less than ~2.3 months. This young streamflow is detectable in the great majority (~90%) of surveyed streams, implying that most catchments can convey precipitation to the stream channel quite quickly, possibly leaving little time to detect some soluble pollutants before they reach aquatic ecosystems. Second, we show that most of the fresh water on the planet is ancient water that has been stored underground form more than 10,000 years. While vast, these ‘fossil’ groundwaters are also shown to be vulnerable to modern-era pollutants, emphasizing that both water quality and sustainability should be considered when managing these deep water resources.

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Lecture / Discussion Fri, 14 Jul 2017 14:00:28 -0400 2017-09-29T15:30:00-04:00 2017-09-29T16:30:00-04:00 1100 North University Building Earth and Environmental Sciences Lecture / Discussion 1100 North University Building
Special Lecture: The CheMin X-ray Diffraction instrument: Design, development and mineralogical results from its 5-year deployment on the Mars Science Laboratory Rover Curiosity (October 3, 2017 3:00pm) https://events.umich.edu/event/41820 41820-9481074@events.umich.edu Event Begins: Tuesday, October 3, 2017 3:00pm
Location: 1100 North University Building
Organized By: Earth and Environmental Sciences

NASA’s CheMin instrument, the first X-ray Diffractometer flown in space, has been operating on Mars for five years. CheMin was first to establish the quantitative mineralogy of the Mars global soil. The instrument was next used to determine the mineralogy of a 3.7 billion year old lacustrine mudstone, a result that, together with findings from other instruments on the MSL Curiosity rover, documented the first habitable environment found on another planet. The mineralogy of this mudstone from an ancient playa lake was also used to derive the maximum concentration of CO2 in the early Mars atmosphere, a surprisingly low value that calls into question the current theory that CO2 greenhouse warming was responsible for the warm and wet environment of early Mars. CheMin identified the mineral tridymite, indicative of silica-rich volcanism, in mudstones of the Murray formation on Mt. Sharp. This discovery challenges the paradigm of Mars as a basaltic planet and ushers in a new chapter of comparative terrestrial planetology. CheMin is now being used to systematically sample the sedimentary layers that comprise the lower strata of Mt. Sharp, a 5,000 meter high mound of sediments laid down in what was once a crater lake, characterizing isochemical sediments that through their changing mineralogy, document the oxidation and drying out of Mars in early Hesperian time. CheMin’s design and development, from an initial concept in 1991 to acceptance for flight in 2004 will also be described.

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Lecture / Discussion Tue, 01 Aug 2017 14:52:23 -0400 2017-10-03T15:00:00-04:00 2017-10-03T16:00:00-04:00 1100 North University Building Earth and Environmental Sciences Lecture / Discussion 1100 North University Building
Smith Lecture: The Atacama Desert: Lessons from a Waterless World (October 6, 2017 3:30pm) https://events.umich.edu/event/41531 41531-9326542@events.umich.edu Event Begins: Friday, October 6, 2017 3:30pm
Location: 1100 North University Building
Organized By: Earth and Environmental Sciences

The Atacama Desert of Chile offers a window into how the surface of rocky planets evolve in the near absence of water. In my talk I am going to discuss how the lack of water influences physical and chemical weathering processes, a perspective that helps in understanding surface landforms and soil mineralogy on other waterless and lifeless (?) worlds like Mars. The big surprise for me about the Atacama has been the fundamental role of seismicity, something that took me years to recognize because of my origins in an aqueous world. We will look at some of the features of this seismic landscape, including the truly bizarre rolling and rubbing boulder fields.
Chemical weathering patterns are also rather “extraterrestrial” in the Atacama, and our studies explain why sulfates are abundant and carbonates negligible in the Atacama and on Mars. Because of its aridity and lack of life, the Atacama missed out on the Great Carbonation Event (GCE) that overtook Earth starting in the early (oceans) to mid- (land) Paleozoic.

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Lecture / Discussion Wed, 06 Sep 2017 09:46:33 -0400 2017-10-06T15:30:00-04:00 2017-10-06T16:30:00-04:00 1100 North University Building Earth and Environmental Sciences Lecture / Discussion 1100 North University Building
Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Open House (October 9, 2017 6:00pm) https://events.umich.edu/event/44404 44404-9911830@events.umich.edu Event Begins: Monday, October 9, 2017 6:00pm
Location: 1100 North University Building
Organized By: U-M College of Pharmacy

You are invited to attend the University of Michigan - Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences Joint Open House! You will have an opportunity to learn about the graduate (PhD) training opportunities in these areas while also learning about the research that is being conducted by faculty and graduate students.

The evening will begin with an overview presentation regarding both programs and will be followed by an informal and interactive research poster session where you will meet graduate students and faculty members from both programs. Pizza and refreshments will be provided.

We hope that you will join us to learn about the exciting educational and career opportunities in drug discovery and development!

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Reception / Open House Wed, 04 Oct 2017 12:44:31 -0400 2017-10-09T18:00:00-04:00 2017-10-09T20:30:00-04:00 1100 North University Building U-M College of Pharmacy Reception / Open House Event Flyer
Smith Lecture: Extreme Mechanics on the Surface of Our Planets (October 13, 2017 3:30pm) https://events.umich.edu/event/41532 41532-10228829@events.umich.edu Event Begins: Friday, October 13, 2017 3:30pm
Location: 1100 North University Building
Organized By: Earth and Environmental Sciences

Our experience with earthquakes is that they are violent events that take a heavy toll on our societies through life and property losses. However, earthquakes present us with some of the most challenging questions in mechanics. By better understanding the nucleation and propagation dynamics of earthquakes, we may make progress towards minimizing their negative impact. Insights from mechanics may help in the development of better seismic hazard models as well as in the construction of more efficient earthquake early warning systems. In this presentation, I will give a brief overview of the multiscale nature of the earthquake mechanics problem and discuss some recent research efforts in my group to establish dynamic rupture models with high resolution fault zone physics,
As a starting point I will review evidence for fault zone complexity at different scales. I will introduce a thermodynamically consistent viscoplasticity theory, based on the shear transformation zone approach, that enables prediction of fault gouge rheology under a wide range of pressure and slip rate. By implementing this theory in a continuum mechanics framework, it is possible to model and resolve complex localization patterns observed in sheared fault zones as well as emergence of stick slip instabilities due to transitions in rate sensitivity. I will further show predictions of the theory for response of gouge to acoustic vibrations and implications for seismic triggering as well as slow slip generation.
Next, I will show that anisotropic damage features and material heterogeneities in fault zones, including small scale branches, fault-parallel joints, and soft inclusions, may play a significant role in modulating rupture dynamics which may be missed if standard plasticity models or bulk homogenization techniques are implemented. I will give two examples. First, I will show that a fault parallel soft inclusion may trigger supershear rupture transition under circumstances not possible in homogeneous materials. Second, I will show that small scale fault branches slow down rupture on main fault, reduce peak slip rate and lead to emergence of complex wave field in the bulk and enhancement of high frequency radiation due to destructive and constructive interferences.
I will close by describing some numerical challenges in modeling these complex systems and our progress in addressing them. I will briefly introduce a new hybrid numerical scheme that combines finite difference and spectral boundary integral methods for exact near field truncation of the wave field and efficient scale domain decomposition. By integrating the different mechanistic features of the problem, from multiphysics modeling of fault zone to multiscale representation of geometric and material complexities, we hope to establish a unique approach to the earthquake problem that will provide new opportunities in interpreting seismic observations and creating more accurate seismic hazard models.

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Lecture / Discussion Tue, 03 Oct 2017 11:16:58 -0400 2017-10-13T15:30:00-04:00 2017-10-13T16:30:00-04:00 1100 North University Building Earth and Environmental Sciences Lecture / Discussion 1100 North University Building
Dedication Ceremony: "Arriving Home," the Bicentennial Public Art Honoring Staff (October 27, 2017 3:00pm) https://events.umich.edu/event/44976 44976-10029787@events.umich.edu Event Begins: Friday, October 27, 2017 3:00pm
Location: 1100 North University Building
Organized By: Bicentennial Office

To commemorate 200 years of dedication and contributions of staff at the University of Michigan, the University is dedicating a new work of public art, "Arriving Home," by renowned artist Dennis Oppenheim. The inception of a permanent public art dedication to staff began with Voices of the Staff and grew into a partnership with the Office of the President. Alumnus and long-time employee of the University Jagdash Janveja provided seed funding for the project. President Schlissel matched Jagdash Janveja’s donation and additional funds were raised via staff contributions through online giving. "Arriving Home" was selected in consultation with University staff representatives and with input from staff members across all U-M campuses.

The dedication ceremony will feature remarks by President Mark Schlissel and others.

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Ceremony / Service Sat, 23 Sep 2017 18:45:45 -0400 2017-10-27T15:00:00-04:00 2017-10-27T15:30:00-04:00 1100 North University Building Bicentennial Office Ceremony / Service Artistic rendering of "Arriving Home" in location.
Smith Lecture: A Wholistic View of Biosphere 1 Through Biosphere 2 (October 27, 2017 3:30pm) https://events.umich.edu/event/41535 41535-9326546@events.umich.edu Event Begins: Friday, October 27, 2017 3:30pm
Location: 1100 North University Building
Organized By: Earth and Environmental Sciences

Throughout the Fall and Winter terms, the Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences hosts the William T. Smith Lecture Series that brings in distinguished speakers from other universities and research institutions.

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Lecture / Discussion Thu, 05 Oct 2017 08:56:20 -0400 2017-10-27T15:30:00-04:00 2017-10-27T16:30:00-04:00 1100 North University Building Earth and Environmental Sciences Lecture / Discussion 1100 North University Building
Smith Lecture: Humans & Climate Change: Insights from the African Paleoclimate Record (November 3, 2017 3:30pm) https://events.umich.edu/event/41589 41589-9373079@events.umich.edu Event Begins: Friday, November 3, 2017 3:30pm
Location: 1100 North University Building
Organized By: Earth and Environmental Sciences

Humanity has an intimate relationship with the Earth’s climate system: we drive climate changes, and conversely, must respond and adapt to shifts in the climate. Our ancestors likely experienced similar interactions, but our knowledge of how, or whether, early humans migrated or shifted their settlement patterns in response to climatic shifts is hindered by limitations of both the archaeological and paleoclimate record. In this talk, I will present ways in which we have addressed this issue using biomarker-based reconstructions of aridity in both west and east Africa. We have found compelling evidence that major shifts in early human behavior corresponded with humid/arid transitions, highlighting the role of rapid climate change in driving migration and lifestyle shifts.

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Lecture / Discussion Tue, 03 Oct 2017 08:55:10 -0400 2017-11-03T15:30:00-04:00 2017-11-03T16:30:00-04:00 1100 North University Building Earth and Environmental Sciences Lecture / Discussion 1100 North University Building
Smith Lecture: Novel Applications of Short-lived Radionuclides (Po-210/Pb-210 and Be-7) as Tracer and Chronometer in the Study of Ice/Snow Dynamics in the Western Arctic (November 10, 2017 3:30pm) https://events.umich.edu/event/41590 41590-9373080@events.umich.edu Event Begins: Friday, November 10, 2017 3:30pm
Location: 1100 North University Building
Organized By: Earth and Environmental Sciences

Long-lived progeny of radon-222 (222Rn, T1/2=3.82 d), 210Pb (T1/2=22.3 y) and 210Po (T1/2=138.4 d), have been widely utilized as environmental tracer and chronometer covering time scales of <1 to ~150 y. A fraction of 222Rn produced in the upper 1-2 m of earth’s surface escapes to the atmosphere and during its journey, it undergoes radioactive decay to 210Pb (222Rn →…→ 210Pb → 210Bi → 210Po → 206Pb). This atmospheric 210Pb is subsequently removed from the atmosphere by precipitation in a time scale of < 10-15 d. The atmospherically-delivered 210Pb on surface water is removed by suspended particulate matter and eventually becomes part of the sedimentary record. Lead-210 is the most-widely chronometer after 14C. In this study, we present newly-developed application to date snow, melt-ponds, and ice-rafted sediments (IRS) using 210Po-210Pb disequilibrium in samples collected during Western Arctic GEOTRACES cruise (2015). From the measured concentrations of 210Pb and 210Po in a suite of aerosol samples collected from the Arctic region, we assessed the residence time of 210Po-210Pb-laden aerosols. The ‘ages’ of snow and melt ponds were determined to be 2-34 and 47-61 days, respectively. The ‘age’ of IRS ranged between 56 and 136 days, corresponding to Transpolar Drift Stream velocity of 0.08 – 0.17 m s-1. This range of values is comparable to the satellite-based data of 0.05 to 0.10 m s-1. From the measured disequilibrium between 210Po and 210Pb in a suite of ice cores, the model-derived accumulation and ablation rates of ice cores were obtained. This study has direct relevance to the energy exchange between the surface ocean and the atmosphere in the Arctic Ocean.

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Lecture / Discussion Thu, 26 Oct 2017 07:59:20 -0400 2017-11-10T15:30:00-05:00 2017-11-10T16:30:00-05:00 1100 North University Building Earth and Environmental Sciences Lecture / Discussion 1100 North University Building
Smith Lecture: Science communication; gnitteg ti thgir (November 17, 2017 3:30pm) https://events.umich.edu/event/41591 41591-9373081@events.umich.edu Event Begins: Friday, November 17, 2017 3:30pm
Location: 1100 North University Building
Organized By: Earth and Environmental Sciences

We are seeing vast changes in academic and teaching platforms as more information moves from in-person classrooms and paper journals to the Internet. We are also seeing a changing demographic of students both nationally and internationally. As science communicators we need to adjust to the drastically different landscape as online education broadens, becomes more dynamic and pressures lecturers and other couriers of science to innovate or become obsolete. There are some simple approaches to widen the reach of your science and presentations to attract and hold people's attention and interest. Martin Pepper's talk will illustrate how technology and social media is transforming communication and will convey the basics of addictive science communication and how it applies to spreading information in all formats.

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Lecture / Discussion Fri, 13 Oct 2017 09:41:26 -0400 2017-11-17T15:30:00-05:00 2017-11-17T16:30:00-05:00 1100 North University Building Earth and Environmental Sciences Lecture / Discussion 1100 North University Building
Self-Assembled Supramolecular Nanosystems for Smart Diagnosis and Targeted Therapy of Intractable Diseases (November 29, 2017 4:00pm) https://events.umich.edu/event/46734 46734-10592251@events.umich.edu Event Begins: Wednesday, November 29, 2017 4:00pm
Location: 1100 North University Building
Organized By: U-M College of Pharmacy

The College of Pharmacy invites you to the 22nd Annual John G. Wagner Memorial Lecture, presented by Dr. Kazunori Kataoka, Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, and Policy Alternatives Research Institute, The University of Tokyo.

Nanotechnology-based medicine (Nanomedicine) has received progressive interest for the treatment of intractable diseases, such as cancer, as well as for the non-invasive diagnosis through various imaging modalities. Engineered polymeric nanosystems with smart functions play a key role in nanomedicine as drug carriers, gene vectors, and imaging probes. This presentation focuses present status and future trends of self-assembled nanosystems from block copolymers for the therapy and the non-invasive diagnosis of intractable diseases. Nanosystems with 10 to 100 nm in size can be prepared by programmed self-assembly of block copolymers in aqueous entity. Most typical example is polymeric micelles (PMs) with distinctive core-shell architecture. Compared with conventional formulations, such as liposomes, PMs have several advantages, including controlled drug release, tissue penetrating ability and reduced toxicity [1,2]. Notable anti-tumor efficacy against intractable and metastatic cancer, including pancreatic cancer [3], glioblastoma [4,5], and cancer stem cells [6], of antitumor drug incorporated PMs with pH- and/or redox potential responding properties was demonstrated, emphasizing their promising utility in cancer treatment. Versatility in drug incorporation is another feasibility of PMs. Loading of imaging reagents makes PMs with theranostic functions [7].

These results demonstrate the promising features of PMs as platform nanosystems for molecular therapy of various intractable diseases. Very recently, we developed PMs decorated with glucose to crossing blood-brain barrier by recognizing glucose-transporter overexpressing on brain endothelial cells, opening new avenue to deliver versatile drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease [8].

References
[1] H. Cabral, K. Kataoka, J. Contrl. Rel. 190, 70 (2014).
[2] Y. Matsumoto, et al, Nature Nanotech. 11, 533 (2016).
[3] H. Cabral, et al, ACS Nano 9, 4957 (2015).
[4] K. Katsushima, et al, Nature Commun. 7, 13616 (2016).
[5] S. Quader, et al, J. Contrl. Rel. 258, 56 (2017).
[6] H. Kinoh, et al, ACS Nano 10, 5643 (2016).
[7] P. Mi, et al, Nature Nanotech. 11, 724 (2016).
[8] Y. Anraku, et al, Nature Commun. 8, 1001 (2017).

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Lecture / Discussion Fri, 10 Nov 2017 13:38:29 -0500 2017-11-29T16:00:00-05:00 2017-11-29T17:00:00-05:00 1100 North University Building U-M College of Pharmacy Lecture / Discussion Dr. Kataoka
Smith Lecture: Caribbean-South American Plate Boundary Zone (Trinidad/Tobago) Active Deformation, Strain Partitioning, Fault Reactivation and Petroleum Geology Influence (December 1, 2017 3:30pm) https://events.umich.edu/event/41592 41592-9373082@events.umich.edu Event Begins: Friday, December 1, 2017 3:30pm
Location: 1100 North University Building
Organized By: Earth and Environmental Sciences

This presentation will focus on observations and analyses of coseismic and interseismic aspects of the earthquake cycle on the major active faults in Trinidad and Tobago and how these relate to longer-term geomorphic and geological features.

Coseimic deformation: On 22 April 1997 the largest earthquake recorded in the Trinidad-Tobago segment of the Caribbean-South American plate boundary zone (Mw 6.7) ruptured a shallow, ENE striking, shallowly dipping (~28°) dextral-normal fault ~10 km south of Tobago. We studied this earthquake and related foreshocks and aftershocks. We derived coseismic offsets using GPS data, and modeled fault rupture and coseismic slip. Tobago moved NNE and subsided. This earthquake was anomalous and is of interest because: (1) its large component of normal slip and ENE strike are unexpected given the active E-W dextral shearing across the Caribbean-South American plate boundary zone, (2) it ruptured a normal fault plane with a low (~28°) dip angle, and (3) it reactivated and inverted the preexisting Tobago terrrane-South America ocean-continent (thrust) boundary that formed during early Tertiary oblique plate convergence.

Interseismic strain: We studied active faults in Trinidad and Tobago in the Caribbean-South American (CA-SA) transform plate boundary zone using episodic GPS (eGPS) data from 19 sites and continuous GPS (cGPS) data from 8 sites, and then modeling these data. Our best-fit model for interseismic fault slip requires: 12-15 mm/yr of right-lateral movement and very shallow locking (0.2 ± 0.2 km; essentially creep) across the Central Range Fault (CRF); 3.4 ± 0.3mm/yr across the Soldado Fault in south Trinidad, and 3.5 ± 0.3 mm/yr of dextral shear on fault(s) between Trinidad and Tobago (see above). Faults in Trinidad show very little seismicity (1954-current from local network). Paleoseismic studies indicate that the CRF ruptured between 2710 and 500 yr. B.P. Together, these data suggest spatial and/or temporal fault segmentation on the CRF. The CRF marks a physical boundary between rocks associated with thermogenically generated petroleum and overpressured fluids in south and central Trinidad, from rocks containing only biogenic gas to the north, and a long string of active mud volcanoes align with the trace of the Soldado Fault along Trinidad’s south coast. Fluid (oil and gas) overpressure may thus cause the CRF and Soldado Faults to creep.

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Lecture / Discussion Fri, 13 Oct 2017 11:46:17 -0400 2017-12-01T15:30:00-05:00 2017-12-01T16:30:00-05:00 1100 North University Building Earth and Environmental Sciences Lecture / Discussion 1100 North University Building
Smith Lecture: Mineral Exploration and Discovery in Africa, and their Benefits to African Geoscientists - the Ivanhoe Perspective (January 12, 2018 3:30pm) https://events.umich.edu/event/46202 46202-10418365@events.umich.edu Event Begins: Friday, January 12, 2018 3:30pm
Location: 1100 North University Building
Organized By: Earth and Environmental Sciences

Ivanhoe Mines and its predecessor companies (e.g. Ivanplats) have been active in Africa for over 20 years, primarily in the well-known geological provinces of the Central African Copperbelt (DRC, Zambia) and the Bushveld Complex (South Africa). Discoveries of world-class deposits at Kamoa (Cu) in 2008, Flatreef (PGE–Ni–Cu) in 2010, and Kakula (Cu) in 2016, as well as acquisition of the formerly producing Kipushi mine (Cu-Zn) in 2012, have transformed the company from a small, private junior explorer to a prominent, publically traded mining and development company. Ivanhoe’s discoveries came in areas dismissed as geologically un-prospective, and have had fundamental impacts on geological understanding and mineralization models in the Copperbelt and Bushveld. They have also brought substantial benefits and employment to local economies and people, including geoscientists. Ivanhoe is proud to sponsor a wide range of community and sustainability projects, education and technical training, and undergraduate to graduate level studies and research projects.

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Lecture / Discussion Mon, 08 Jan 2018 09:10:47 -0500 2018-01-12T15:30:00-05:00 2018-01-12T16:30:00-05:00 1100 North University Building Earth and Environmental Sciences Lecture / Discussion 1100 North University Building
Smith Lecture: Paleoenvironmental Insights from the Structure and Function of Extinct Plants (January 19, 2018 3:30pm) https://events.umich.edu/event/46203 46203-10418366@events.umich.edu Event Begins: Friday, January 19, 2018 3:30pm
Location: 1100 North University Building
Organized By: Earth and Environmental Sciences

Plants are unique among multicellular organisms because much of their physiology is biophysical, rather than behavioral, and the anatomy that defines these biophysical capabilities is preserved in the fossil record. Mathematical models, when applied to fossilized plant organs—particularly leaves and stems—can provide quantitative insight into the physiology and ecology of plants that have been extinct for hundreds of millions of years. Comparing the physiology of extinct plants with strategies that are currently employed by living plants sheds light on ecophysiological trajectories in plant evolutionary history and the history of plant-environment coevolution.

In this presentation, I will describe the history of water transport in land plants and focus on key plants from the Euramerican Carboniferous tropical forests, including Medullosa, a morphologically diverse genus of Carboniferous plants that evolved fronds and stems capable of high rates of transpiration. Each of these plants contains anatomical features that result in novel physiologies, and together they represent the early evolution of physiological complexity—and the capability to influence regional climates and biogeochemical cycles—in terrestrial ecosystems.

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Lecture / Discussion Fri, 22 Dec 2017 12:44:40 -0500 2018-01-19T15:30:00-05:00 2018-01-19T16:30:00-05:00 1100 North University Building Earth and Environmental Sciences Lecture / Discussion 1100 North University Building
Smith Lecture: Deep Crustal Structure of the Rocky Mountain Region from Seismic Observations, Xenoliths, and Local Studies of Exhumed Terranes (January 26, 2018 3:30pm) https://events.umich.edu/event/46204 46204-10418367@events.umich.edu Event Begins: Friday, January 26, 2018 3:30pm
Location: 1100 North University Building
Organized By: Earth and Environmental Sciences

Geophysical studies, xenoliths, magmatic records, and rare exposures of once deep rocks provide different perspectives with which to investigate the structure, composition, and properties of deep continental crust. Each has its own inherent biases and/or limitations, making integrated approaches particularly valuable in furthering our understanding of lithospheric evolution. We are comparing the structural, metamorphic, geochronological, and petrophysical records from xenoliths and exhumed crustal terranes from a range of localities across the Rocky Mountain region to seismic observations from EarthScope’s USArray and other regional experiments. This presentation will focus on two aspects that offer complimentary perspectives on North American evolution. First, we use seismic results from EarthScope experiments, compilations of active source studies, and selected xenolith studies to attempt to map the distribution of high-velocity lower crust across the continental U.S. and assess its relationship to emplacement and destruction-related mechanisms such as under-and intraplating, collision, extension, heating, cooling, hydration, and delamination. One major emphasis is on the geodynamic influence of garnet-producing and -consuming reactions on the density and velocity structure of the crust. The second aspect emphasizes seismic anisotropy as an important tool for mapping crustal-scale deformation patterns at depth. One preliminary conclusion from this work is that anisotropy in the central Rocky Mountain region apparently reflects competing signals from broadly distributed Paleoproterozoic fabric domains and late-stage localized shear zones. Important points to consider are the geometric and scale biases of seismic detection methods, as well as the physical and chemical processes involved in anisotropy development during deformation.

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Lecture / Discussion Thu, 11 Jan 2018 13:45:08 -0500 2018-01-26T15:30:00-05:00 2018-01-26T16:30:00-05:00 1100 North University Building Earth and Environmental Sciences Lecture / Discussion 1100 North University Building
Smith Lecture: Mountain Building, Strike-slip Faulting, and Landscape Evolution in New Zealand's Marlborough Fault System (February 2, 2018 3:30pm) https://events.umich.edu/event/46205 46205-10418368@events.umich.edu Event Begins: Friday, February 2, 2018 3:30pm
Location: 1100 North University Building
Organized By: Earth and Environmental Sciences

The ~150 km wide dextral Marlborough Fault System and adjacent Kaikoura Mountains accommodate oblique convergence at the NE end of the South Island, New Zealand. Low-temperature thermochronology from this region, which was also the site of the 2016 Mw7.8 Kaikoura earthquake, places new limits on the timing and style of mountain building and the relationship between the mountains and adjacent faults. We sampled rocks for (U-Th/He) and fission track dating from a range of elevations spanning ~2 km within the Kaikoura Mountains, which stand high above active strike-slip faults. The data reveal two phases of exhumation: Miocene cooling localized to hanging wall rocks followed by regional and rapid cooling reflected in all samples starting at ~4-5 Ma. These results suggest that, despite the presence of active mountain front faults, much of the topographic relief in this region predates the onset of strike-slip faulting when portions of the Marlborough Faults were thrust faults during the early development of the transpressive plate boundary. After 5 Ma, the main Marlborough faults transitioned to accommodating primarily strike-slip motion, and regional exhumation likely reflected increased proximity to the migrating Pacific plate subduction zone and the buoyant Chatham Rise. The 2016 earthquake, which lifted and/or laterally shifted the surface along multiple subsidiary Marlborough fault strands, both onshore and off, fits well with evidence from the long-term record of a broad, complex and evolving oblique collision zone.

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Lecture / Discussion Mon, 18 Dec 2017 09:50:28 -0500 2018-02-02T15:30:00-05:00 2018-02-02T16:30:00-05:00 1100 North University Building Earth and Environmental Sciences Lecture / Discussion 1100 North University Building
Smith Lecture: The Meandering Path from River Dynamics to Valley Form (February 9, 2018 3:30pm) https://events.umich.edu/event/46206 46206-10418369@events.umich.edu Event Begins: Friday, February 9, 2018 3:30pm
Location: 1100 North University Building
Organized By: Earth and Environmental Sciences

River channels are central features of many landscapes. In uplands, rivers carve valleys by migrating laterally and cutting downward into the landscape. Viewed in cross-section, valleys often show a textbook “V” shape. In other valleys, the path from the valley top to valley floor descends in discrete steps as river terraces, or in one steep drop into a river gorge. A longstanding question is whether these steps in valley topography record step changes in the history of river incision—driven, for example, by a pulse of tectonic uplift or a change in climate—or instead form by river erosion under steady forcing. Distinguishing these scenarios is central to reconstructing tectonic history and predicting landscape response to contemporary climate change. Numerical models provide a tool for predicting how rivers imprint the landscape, but face significant complications for treating bedrock valleys and common river shapes, including meandering and braiding.

I will present results from a new numerical modeling approach that fingerprints a background process of erosion by meandering rivers using surface ages and geometries. I will then apply this framework to test the likelihood of valley evolution driven by climate change for several North American river valleys. Finally, I will discuss an ongoing physical experiment to test how braided rivers shift across landscapes over geologic timescales. These case studies illuminate key challenges and opportunities for using river dynamics to interpret planetary landscapes and the geologic record.

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Lecture / Discussion Mon, 11 Dec 2017 13:45:43 -0500 2018-02-09T15:30:00-05:00 2018-02-09T16:30:00-05:00 1100 North University Building Earth and Environmental Sciences Lecture / Discussion 1100 North University Building
Smith Lecture: Liquefaction Hazard in the Built Environment: Numerical and Experimental Investigations into the Effectiveness of Liquefaction Mitigation Techniques (February 16, 2018 3:30pm) https://events.umich.edu/event/46207 46207-10418370@events.umich.edu Event Begins: Friday, February 16, 2018 3:30pm
Location: 1100 North University Building
Organized By: Earth and Environmental Sciences

Soil liquefaction continues to cause devastating damage to the built environment during earthquakes. In recent years, earthquakes in Christchurch-New Zealand (2010-2011), Tohoku-Japan (2011), Muisne-Ecuador (2016), have caused widespread liquefaction resulting in unacceptable settlement, tilt and deformation of buildings, especially those on shallow foundations. Field observations from such events provide valuable information about the behavior of soil and the response of structures, but a scarcity of instrumentation means that detailed recordings of the soil and structure responses from the time of the earthquake are lacking. Data is especially sparse regarding the performance and effectiveness of liquefaction mitigation strategies. Numerical and experimental studies have been performed at the University of Colorado Boulder to generate new case histories under controlled conditions. This presentation will summarize trends from both physical and numerical models, focusing on how structural performance is affected by some common liquefaction mitigation approaches

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Lecture / Discussion Mon, 11 Dec 2017 13:03:24 -0500 2018-02-16T15:30:00-05:00 2018-02-16T16:30:00-05:00 1100 North University Building Earth and Environmental Sciences Lecture / Discussion 1100 North University Building
Smith Lecture: What Does the Chemistry of Shallow-water Carbonate Sediments Tell Us About the Global Carbon Cycle Over Earth History? (February 23, 2018 3:30pm) https://events.umich.edu/event/46208 46208-10418371@events.umich.edu Event Begins: Friday, February 23, 2018 3:30pm
Location: 1100 North University Building
Organized By: Earth and Environmental Sciences

Shallow-water carbonate sediments are one of the most extensive and well-studied records of the chemistry and temperature of ancient oceans (Kasting et al., 2006; Veizer et al., 1999; Veizer and Hoefs, 1976). One of the major limitations in the utilization of this archive is the potential for changes in the chemical composition of the sediments at any time after they were initially precipitated. Using a large data set of Ca and Mg isotope measurements in Neogene shallow-water carbonate sediments and associated pore-fluids from the platform to the slope in the Bahamas we have shown that stratigraphic variability in these isotopic systems is due to variations in both mineralogy and style of diagenetic alteration (fluid-buffered vs. sediment-buffered). This interpretation is rather counterintuitive given that these elements, and Ca in particular, are major components of the carbonate sediment and should be relatively robust – almost as robust as C – to diagenetic alteration.

The observation that sediment δ44Ca values in Neogene shallow-water carbonate sediments from the platform top, margin, and slope are largely controlled by mineralogy and the extent of fluid-buffered early marine diagenesis and that temporal variations in fluid-buffered diagenesis can generate stratigraphically coherent co-variation between many carbonate-bound geochemical proxies (δ13C, δ18O, Sr/Ca, etc.) has significant implications for the interpretation of both the major and trace element chemistry of shallow-water carbonate sediments in the geologic record. In particular, it suggests that stratigraphic co-variation between carbonate-bound geochemical proxies need not reflect changes in the global geochemical cycles of these elements but rather changes in the composition of bank-top waters and/or the extent of fluid-buffered vs. sediment-buffered early marine diagenesis. Thus, records of secular change and extreme variability in shallow-water carbonate sediments might be better interpreted as records of the effects of global environmental change and evolution on shallow-water carbonate-producing environments and not archives of global geochemical fluxes (e.g. the relative rates of organic carbon and carbonate burial from the δ13C of CaCO3).

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Lecture / Discussion Mon, 12 Feb 2018 11:47:18 -0500 2018-02-23T15:30:00-05:00 2018-02-23T16:30:00-05:00 1100 North University Building Earth and Environmental Sciences Lecture / Discussion 1100 North University Building
Smith Lecture: Chemically-stratified Midwestern Lakes are Relevant to Precambrian AND Modern Global Biogeochemistry (March 9, 2018 3:30pm) https://events.umich.edu/event/46209 46209-10418372@events.umich.edu Event Begins: Friday, March 9, 2018 3:30pm
Location: 1100 North University Building
Organized By: Earth and Environmental Sciences

The physical, chemical, and biological structure of permanently stratified lakes have analogy to the Earth’s Precambrian oceans. Both have deep waters devoid of oxygen, have lower sulfur contents than the modern ocean, and have biogeochemical cycles predominantly driven by microbes. Through two stratified and iron-rich lakes in Minnesota and Michigan, my group is studying the significance of iron-based photosynthesis in primary productivity and its potential biosignatures, methane production, consumption and export in iron-rich (i.e. ferruginous) waters, as well as primary and diagenetic mineral and isotopic signatures of these systems that are recorded in sediments. While our findings are relevant to Precambrian biogeochemistry, I will present evidence that these small, stratified ferruginous lakes might be fairly common in the Midwest, and perhaps are becoming more so. Therefore, our findings from monitoring these two lakes are also relevant to trends in our region’s water quality, and the contribution of similar lakes to global greenhouse gas, nutrient, and metal cycles.

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Lecture / Discussion Mon, 15 Jan 2018 15:29:44 -0500 2018-03-09T15:30:00-05:00 2018-03-09T16:30:00-05:00 1100 North University Building Earth and Environmental Sciences Lecture / Discussion 1100 North University Building
Smith Lecture: Seismic Investigation of the Magma System beneath Laguna del Maule, Chile (March 16, 2018 3:30pm) https://events.umich.edu/event/46210 46210-10418373@events.umich.edu Event Begins: Friday, March 16, 2018 3:30pm
Location: 1100 North University Building
Organized By: Earth and Environmental Sciences

The Laguna del Maule volcanic field, straddling the Chile-Argentina border at 36° S, is currently the subject of a multi-disciplinary collaborative investigation supported primarily by the U.S. National Science Foundation Integrated Earth Systems program and the Observatorio Volcanológico de Los Andes del Sur (OVDAS) of SERNAGEOMIN. At least 50 post-glacial (younger than 20 ka) eruptions from more than two dozen vents encircling the 25x17 km lake basin have produced rhyodacitic-to-rhyolitic lava flows and ash deposits totaling > 30 km3, suggesting that a large, active, silicic magma reservoir fuels this system. Since 2007, GPS and InSAR geodesy reveal that Laguna del Maule has been experiencing rapid uplift at 20 to 25 cm/year centered within the ring of silicic vents. Moreover, a deformed paleo-shoreline that has been 36Cl-dated implies magma-driven surface uplift of > 60 m and that growth of this large shallow reservoir has occurred over at least the past 9,400 years. UW-Madison, Cornell, and OVDAS have deployed a seismic array covering ~450 km2 that surrounds the lake basin. The array consisted of 18 broadband stations in 2015, and was enlarged to 47 stations in 2016 (37 broadband, 10 short-period). The full array will remain in place until late March 2018. A variety of seismic studies are planned for the seismic array data, including body-wave tomography, surface-wave tomography, attenuation tomography, teleseismic tomography, receiver function analysis, seismic interferometry, and focal mechanism and moment tensor determination. The main goals are to detect the magma chamber underlying Laguna del Maule, characterize its dimensions and properties, and assess the state of stress of the system.

I will report on results from surface-wave tomography, and compare them to the results from other geophysical techniques. Due to the small array aperture (~30 km) and the limited frequency range of usable ambient noise, we combined three types of data for the surface-wave tomography: standard noise correlation analysis using pairs of stations within the array, correlation of earthquake coda at pairs of array stations, and differential dispersion for ambient noise for pairs of array stations correlated with remote stations. Somewhat unexpectedly, the Vs image shows evidence of a strong upper crustal low velocity anomaly along the southwest side of the lake, which does not extend under the entire lake basin. Depending on how the boundaries of the low-Vs anomaly are defined, we obtain estimates of ~25 to ~400 km3, and melt percentages of 5% to 8%. The position of the anomalous body is very close to the estimated source area for the uplift measured by InSAR and GPS. A Bouguer gravity low, interpreted to reflect the magma reservoir, is observed in the same area. In contrast, magnetotelluric results image a large low-resistivity zone near the north side of the lake and much smaller anomalies elsewhere.

Recent fluid dynamic models of bubble migration and accumulation have shown that volatiles can provide a mechanism whereby basaltic magma recharge could catalyze the eruption of rhyolite without imparting a substantial thermal or physical signature on the erupted lavas. This leads to the idea that during the Holocene, rhyolitic magma batches have been repeatedly extracted from a broad spatial footprint beneath the lake basin, but the magma batches that have fed the individual eruptions were likely of relatively modest volume, comparable to the geophysical results.

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Lecture / Discussion Mon, 15 Jan 2018 09:41:43 -0500 2018-03-16T15:30:00-04:00 2018-03-16T16:30:00-04:00 1100 North University Building Earth and Environmental Sciences Lecture / Discussion 1100 North University Building
Smith Lecture: Tidal Tomography: What an Often-neglected Phenomenon Known as Earth Tides Can Tell Us About Buoyancy in the Deepest Part of the Mantle (March 23, 2018 3:30pm) https://events.umich.edu/event/46211 46211-10418374@events.umich.edu Event Begins: Friday, March 23, 2018 3:30pm
Location: 1100 North University Building
Organized By: Earth and Environmental Sciences

Earth’s mantle is a key component of the Earth system: its circulation drives plate tectonics, the long-term recycling of Earth’s volatiles, and as such, holds fundamental implications for the Earth’s surface environment. In order to understand this evolution, a key parameter of the mantle must be known, namely its buoyancy. In this talk, I will discuss how Earth’s body tide can provide fresh and independent constraints on deep mantle buoyancy through a newly developed technique called Tidal Tomography. This comes at a time when other interesting and exciting data sets sensitive to deep mantle buoyancy, e.g., Stoneley modes, have been brought to bear, and we will explore our conclusions in the context of other recent finds.

In particular, we will focus on two regions of the deep mantle known as the Large Low Shear Velocity Provinces (LLSVPs), the buoyancy of which has attracted much debate over the past few decades. Using a global GPS data set of high precision measurements of the Earth’s body tide, we perform a tomographic inversion to constrain the integrated buoyancy of these LLSVPs at the base of the mantle. As a consequence of the long-wavelength and low frequency nature of the Earth’s body tide, these observations are particularly sensitivity to LLSVP buoyancy. Using a probabilistic approach we find that the data are best fit when the bottom two thirds (~700 km) of the LLSVPs have an integrated excess density of ~0.60%.
The detailed distribution of this buoyancy, for example whether it primarily resides in a thin layer at the base of the mantle, will require further testing and the augmentation of the inversions to include independent data sets (e.g., seismic observations). Nevertheless, our inference of excess density requires the preservation of chemical heterogeneity associated with the enrichment of high-density chemical components, possibly linked to subducted oceanic plates and/or primordial material, in the deep mantle. This conclusion has important implications for the stability of these structures and, in turn, the history and ongoing evolution of the Earth system.

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Lecture / Discussion Thu, 18 Jan 2018 11:18:39 -0500 2018-03-23T15:30:00-04:00 2018-03-23T16:30:00-04:00 1100 North University Building Earth and Environmental Sciences Lecture / Discussion 1100 North University Building
Smith Lecture: Surprises in Iron Cycling at the Peru Margin (March 30, 2018 3:30pm) https://events.umich.edu/event/46213 46213-10418375@events.umich.edu Event Begins: Friday, March 30, 2018 3:30pm
Location: 1100 North University Building
Organized By: Earth and Environmental Sciences

Iron is the most important micronutrient in the ocean, yet its sources and sinks to and from the ocean are poorly constrained. The GP16 Eastern Pacific Zonal Transect cruise from Peru to Tahiti in 2013 along 12-15°S crossed the large eastern tropical South Pacific oxygen deficient zone (ODZ) in the eastern half of the transect and the East Pacific Rise (EPR) hydrothermal plume in the western half. Both features were expected to be important sources of dissolved iron into the ocean interior. The EPR hydrothermal iron plume was found to extend for several thousands of kilometers around 2500 m, greatly exceeding prior expectations. In contrast, there was no significant iron plume in the heart of the ODZ around 300 m that extended beyond the coastal margin, despite the ODZ penetrating several thousand of kilometers into the interior. Surprisingly, a deep coastal iron plume in oxygenated waters centered around 2000 m was observed to penetrate >1000 km into the interior. In this talk, I’ll examine the reasons behind the unexpected high Fe from the oxygenated deep slope relative to the more reducing ODZ above.

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Lecture / Discussion Thu, 18 Jan 2018 11:17:51 -0500 2018-03-30T15:30:00-04:00 2018-03-30T16:30:00-04:00 1100 North University Building Earth and Environmental Sciences Lecture / Discussion 1100 North University Building
Smith Lecture: Chemical Insights into Earth’s Microbiomes (April 6, 2018 3:30pm) https://events.umich.edu/event/46214 46214-10418376@events.umich.edu Event Begins: Friday, April 6, 2018 3:30pm
Location: 1100 North University Building
Organized By: Earth and Environmental Sciences

The Planet Earth is a microbial world, and the health of its inhabitants rests on the proverbial backs of microscopic organisms within oceans, rivers, soils and air. The oceans, in particular, are fundamental to the life-sustaining capabilities of Planet Earth, enabling all organisms from microbes to humans to persist and thrive. Within the oceans, microbes have an essential role, making the oxygen we breathe, removing greenhouse gas carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, anchoring the marine food web, fueling life within coral reefs, and promoting the health of fisheries and marine mammals. Detailed studies of microbial metabolism, therefore, provide fundamental knowledge about the life-sustaining processes on Earth. Recent work in this field has focused on the first order question of “who is there?” but second-order questions such as “what are they doing” and “how” are equally critical to assessing the role of microbial reactions in the global carbon cycle. Metabolomics, or the study of biochemical molecules, is one lens through which the chemical capacity of microbes can be viewed. In this presentation, I offer two case studies in which we use metabolomics to understand the chemical interplay of microbes. First, I will present work showing the role of microbes in particle remineralization in the open ocean, with implications for global carbon cycling. Second, I will present work showing the role of human and earth microbiomes in the chemistry of human sewage. These case studies are linked by the over-arching theme of microbial metabolism and its sentinel roles in understanding critical processes on our planet and will highlight the continuing role of analytical chemistry in elucidating fundamental earth system functions.

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Lecture / Discussion Mon, 26 Mar 2018 09:32:03 -0400 2018-04-06T15:30:00-04:00 2018-04-06T16:30:00-04:00 1100 North University Building Earth and Environmental Sciences Lecture / Discussion 1100 North University Building
Smith Lecture: Fluids of the Lower Crust and Upper Mantle: Deep is Different (April 13, 2018 3:30pm) https://events.umich.edu/event/46215 46215-10418378@events.umich.edu Event Begins: Friday, April 13, 2018 3:30pm
Location: 1100 North University Building
Organized By: Earth and Environmental Sciences

Deep fluids are important for the evolution and properties of the lower crust and upper mantle in tectonically active settings. Uncertainty about their chemistry has led past workers to use upper crustal fluids as analogues. However, recent results show that fluids at >15 km differ fundamentally from shallow fluids and help explain high-pressure metasomatism and resistivity patterns. Deep fluids are comprised of four components: H2O, non-polar gases (chiefly CO2), salts (mostly alkali chlorides), and rock-derived solutes (dominated by aluminosilicates and related components). The first three generally define the solvent properties of the fluid, and models must account for observations that H2O activity may be quite low. The contrasting behavior of H2O-gas and H2O-salt mixtures yields immiscibility in the ternary system, which can lead to separation of two phases with fundamentally different chemical and transport properties. Thermodynamic modeling of equilibrium between rocks and H2O using simple ionic species known from shallow-crustal systems yields solutions possessing total dissolved solids and ionic strength that are too low to be consistent with experiments and resistivity surveys. Addition of CO2 further lowers bulk solubility and conductivity. Therefore, additional species must be present in H2O, and H2O-salt solutions likely explain much of the evidence for fluid action in high-P settings. At low salinity, H2O-rich fluids are powerful solvents for aluminosilicate rock components that are dissolved as previously unrecognized polymerized clusters. Experiments show that, near H2O-saturated melting, Al-Si polymers comprise >80% of solutes. The stability of these species facilitates critical critical mixing in rock-H2O systems. Addition of salt (e.g., NaCl) changes solubility patterns, but aluminosilicate contents remain high. Thermodynamic models indicate that the ionic strength of fluids with Xsalt = 0.05 to 0.4 and equilibrated with model crustal rocks have predicted bulk conductivities of 10-1.5 to 100 S/m at porosity of 0.001. Such fluids are thus consistent with conductivity anomalies commonly observed in the lower crust (e.g., the “G” anomaly), and are capable of the mass transfer commonly seen in metamorphic rocks exhumed from the lower crust and subduction zones.

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Lecture / Discussion Fri, 19 Jan 2018 08:20:48 -0500 2018-04-13T15:30:00-04:00 2018-04-13T16:30:00-04:00 1100 North University Building Earth and Environmental Sciences Lecture / Discussion 1100 North University Building