Christianity in Java is an understudied topic. Its influence in the culture and history of Indonesia has long been neglected and recently outshined by the enthusiasm to study Islam in Java. This talk highlights significant interlacing relations between Christianity and Islam since the late 19th century, including Gerakan Jemaat Kristen Jawa Merdeka (“The Independent Javanese Christian Movement”) in the 1920s and its popular Islamized form of Christianity, the cultural anatomy of the largest reformist Muslim organization Muhammadiyah (“The Followers of The Prophet”) and its relation to missionary societies, and the proliferation of Gereja Pantakosta/Karismatik (Pentecostal/Charismatic church) during the 21st-century and its ritualistic expressions in relation to Islamic renewals. Taking a Bakhtinian approach to examine cultural complexity in Javanese society, this presentation will explore “religions” as “movements” that are not a priori entities disconnected from one another, but constantly negotiated as part of a larger social heteroglossia that critically informs people’s religious identities.