This project explores the relations between emerging republican discourses, social conflicts, and administrative practices in late medieval and early modern Spain. Drawing on extensive archival materials—administrative correspondence, municipal records, petitions, and judicial inquiries and testimonies—Israeli’s work examines how different Spaniards appropriated concepts such as “the common good,” “good government,” and “tyranny” to make various political claims, mobilize collective action, and legitimize forms of violence and authority. Analyzing the political language that informed phenomena such as urban protest and revolt, the growing of central administration, the structuring of public spaces in cities, or the eruption of violence against ethnic and religious minorities, this project proposes the struggles over the meanings of republican concepts as a new perspective from which to examine the history of Spain in a period of significant social and cultural transformations.