Satellite data are a valuable resource for investigating geologic and environmental processes, particularly in remote areas where traditional field work is difficult or impossible. In Antarctica, ice-free geologic exposures are particularly difficult to access and study despite their importance for understanding polar processes, climate variability, and Antarctic geologic history. Satellite observations of the Antarctic, however, require revised calibration and atmospheric removal techniques in order to compare these orbital data to data measured in the field or laboratories. Since these methodologies were developed, they have helped to revolutionize our understanding of the Antarctic. Properties and processes ranging from magma differentiation to the distribution of algal communities can be investigated remotely in the Antarctic. One such process, the chemical alteration of rock surfaces under cold and dry environmental conditions, can be directly related to processes occurring on the surface of Mars. Our ongoing Mars research incorporates data collected by the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Curiosity rover to determine the similarities between weathering process on Earth and on Mars.