The primary events of photosynthesis occur on ultrafast timescales with high quantum efficiency. Elucidating the design principles of photosynthetic systems remains an outstanding challenge. I will demonstrate how multidimensional spectroscopy can address open questions in photosynthesis research and describe how my research group is developing and using multidimensional spectroscopic techniques to understand the structure-function relationship in photosynthetic reaction centers. I will discuss recent controversy and progress in the field and present exciting future directions for multidimensional spectroscopy.