Iceland, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and Finland make up Scandinavia, or Norden. Their cold climate and their isolation at the northern edge of the European continent means that their building traditions have evolved with a curious mixture of foreign influence and independent creativity. Their use of the materials best available to them has always affected their architecture. We begin with prehistoric times and trace to the latter part of the 20th century when international ideas gradually replaced the particularly northern aspects of their architecture. Taught by Kingsbury Marzolf.