Between the 1960s and the 1990s, Robert Heinecken explored the photogram technique in a variety of different ways. This complex body of work, which makes use of both the documentary and the artistic sides of the cameraless photograph, continues to have much to teach us about photographic practice today. Indeed, although the American artist regularly worked with a number of other techniques as well, he is today in some ways still most strongly identified with the photogram. My talk will explore Heinecken’s complex photogram practice, relating it to other key works made at different times in photography’s history.