Long-lived progeny of radon-222 (222Rn, T1/2=3.82 d), 210Pb (T1/2=22.3 y) and 210Po (T1/2=138.4 d), have been widely utilized as environmental tracer and chronometer covering time scales of <1 to ~150 y. A fraction of 222Rn produced in the upper 1-2 m of earth’s surface escapes to the atmosphere and during its journey, it undergoes radioactive decay to 210Pb (222Rn →…→ 210Pb → 210Bi → 210Po → 206Pb). This atmospheric 210Pb is subsequently removed from the atmosphere by precipitation in a time scale of < 10-15 d. The atmospherically-delivered 210Pb on surface water is removed by suspended particulate matter and eventually becomes part of the sedimentary record. Lead-210 is the most-widely chronometer after 14C. In this study, we present newly-developed application to date snow, melt-ponds, and ice-rafted sediments (IRS) using 210Po-210Pb disequilibrium in samples collected during Western Arctic GEOTRACES cruise (2015). From the measured concentrations of 210Pb and 210Po in a suite of aerosol samples collected from the Arctic region, we assessed the residence time of 210Po-210Pb-laden aerosols. The ‘ages’ of snow and melt ponds were determined to be 2-34 and 47-61 days, respectively. The ‘age’ of IRS ranged between 56 and 136 days, corresponding to Transpolar Drift Stream velocity of 0.08 – 0.17 m s-1. This range of values is comparable to the satellite-based data of 0.05 to 0.10 m s-1. From the measured disequilibrium between 210Po and 210Pb in a suite of ice cores, the model-derived accumulation and ablation rates of ice cores were obtained. This study has direct relevance to the energy exchange between the surface ocean and the atmosphere in the Arctic Ocean.