This lecture explores the theme of criminal justice in Chosŏn Korea (1392-1910) by investigating forensic medicine and the postmortem examination of dead bodies. It focuses on homicide cases to probe into the cultural meaning of interpersonal violence. Many homicide stories we find in legal archives continue to reflect in our present-day society. These stories provide a window for us to understand how criminal justice was socially and culturally shaped and altered over time. By analyzing a wide array of sources, including forensic texts, inquest reports, criminal records, legal codes, royal edicts, and veritable records, this study demonstrates the development of forensic medicine and how forensic practice was associated with Neo-Confucian concepts such as benevolent rule, leniency, and judicial prudence (hŭmhyul 欽恤).