There is now considerable evidence that neighborhood disadvantage predicts child antisocial behavior, and that this effect may be causal, at least to an extent. However, the mechanisms underlying these contextual influences on child behavior remain unclear. In this talk, I will examine gene-environment interplay as one key possibility, evaluating how structural characteristics of the neighborhood shape the etiology of child antisocial behavior. The studies to be presented employed a number of state-of-the-science sampling, methodologic, and analytic techniques. Results provide compelling evidence regarding a key role for ‘bioecological gene-environment interactions’ and, when considered alongside other evidence in the field, point to a possible role for the ‘biological embedding’ of disadvantage. Implications and future work will be discussed.