Posing a threat to every kind of state government, anarchist thought flourished in art and literature when it was censored and persecuted in the political sphere. The three tendencies of historical anarchist thought – the individualist, the mystical, and the collectivist – all have important roots in Russian culture, and instantiations. For example, the artists grouped around the revolutionary-era journal Anarkhiia – Malevich, Rodchenko, Rozanova, and others – called themselves anarcho-individualists. The Symbolists Georgii Chulkov and Viacheslav Ivanov developed a program of mystical anarchism. And anarchist collectivism has had the most productive and long-lasting relationship with Russian thought, arts, and letters, influencing the writings of Tolstoy and Platonov, among others. My recent research suggests that these currents of influence have not receded. On the contrary, contemporary political art in Russia draws on anarchist paradigms extensively. I will discuss anarchist aesthetics in Teatr.doc and the Monstration movement, two projects whose founders profess anarchist affinities. I will also introduce and analyze a new art project out of Saint Petersburg called “Motherland.”