Maintaining the folding health of the proteome is a critical cellular task. It has recently become appreciated that RNAs and RNA:protein complexes play important roles in maintenance of proteomic health. Here, we investigate the role of RNAs in direct modulation of protein aggregation and folding. To begin, an in vitro screen identified that G-quadruplexes are highly efficient general molecular chaperones. Testing these G-quadruplexes in E. coli demonstrated that these RNAs improve the protein folding environment in the cell. Protein folding experiments showed that some G-quadruplexes directly accelerate protein folding. In-cell experiments then found that this acceleration of protein folding drives better quality protein folding in E. coli. Finally, fast protein:RNA oligomerization was discovered for several G-quadruplexes, providing a biophysical explanation for the outsized role of G-quadruplexes in protein aggregation diseases such as Alzheimer’s Disease and ALS. Together, these studies provide a striking example of how RNA structure impacts protein folding and misfolding disease. We will additionally discuss the use of citizen science both to improve structural biology research and biochemistry education using the biochemistry video game Foldit.