Presented By: Department of Psychology
Clinical Brown Bag
Carly Lasagna and Shayan Asadi, Clinical Science Graduate Students
Carly Lasagna
Mathematical modeling of risk-taking in bipolar disorder: Evidence of reduced behavioral consistency, with altered loss aversion specific to those with history of substance use disorder
Abstract:
Bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with excessive pleasure-seeking risk-taking behaviors that often characterize its clinical presentation. However, the mechanisms of risk-taking behavior are not well-understood in BD. Recent data suggest prior substance use disorder (SUD) in BD may represent certain trait-level vulnerabilities for risky behavior. This study examined the mechanisms of risk-taking and the role of SUD in BD via mathematical modeling of behavior on the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) in three groups: euthymic BD with prior SUD, euthymic BD without prior SUD, and healthy comparisons. We modeled behavior using competing hierarchical Bayesian models, and the winning model encompassed and delineated five cognitive components of risk-taking: prior belief, learning rate, risk preference, loss aversion, and behavioral consistency. Our analyses disentangled the mechanistic alterations underlying risk-taking in BD more generally, and those that are specific to subgroups with prior SUD. Results also highlight the value of mathematical modeling to understand behavior in research on complex disorders like BD.
Shayan Asadi
Are the criteria used to diagnose Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) biased? Examining criterion contamination for BPD criteria based on sexual orientation
Abstract:
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by a high negative affectivity and impulsivity. BPD is also 1.5-3 times more prevalent in sexual minority individuals. This disparity may be due to bias in the items used to diagnose BPD, as they may be conflating SM- specific factors with the BPD phenotype. If the criteria are ‘contaminated’ with SM-specific factors, sexual minorities may be more likely to endorse BPD symptoms for reasons other than BPD. Using item response theory, we tested whether BPD items were more likely to be endorsed by sexual minorities regardless of their relationships to internalizing (negative affectivity) and
externalizing (impulsivity) psychopathology in a large, nationally representative sample. We found 14/18 BPD items were easier to endorse with regard to externalizing, and 5/18 BPD items were easier to endorse with regard to internalizing. Chronic self-injury and impulsive sexual behavior had the largest disparities in endorsement for sexual minorities regardless of internalizing and externalizing levels. Our results show evidence of bias within the items and
criteria used to diagnose BPD, such that sexual minorities are more likely to endorse BPD items despite lower standing on the underlying psychopathology associated with BPD. Implications for equitable assessment in minoritized populations will be discussed.
Mathematical modeling of risk-taking in bipolar disorder: Evidence of reduced behavioral consistency, with altered loss aversion specific to those with history of substance use disorder
Abstract:
Bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with excessive pleasure-seeking risk-taking behaviors that often characterize its clinical presentation. However, the mechanisms of risk-taking behavior are not well-understood in BD. Recent data suggest prior substance use disorder (SUD) in BD may represent certain trait-level vulnerabilities for risky behavior. This study examined the mechanisms of risk-taking and the role of SUD in BD via mathematical modeling of behavior on the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) in three groups: euthymic BD with prior SUD, euthymic BD without prior SUD, and healthy comparisons. We modeled behavior using competing hierarchical Bayesian models, and the winning model encompassed and delineated five cognitive components of risk-taking: prior belief, learning rate, risk preference, loss aversion, and behavioral consistency. Our analyses disentangled the mechanistic alterations underlying risk-taking in BD more generally, and those that are specific to subgroups with prior SUD. Results also highlight the value of mathematical modeling to understand behavior in research on complex disorders like BD.
Shayan Asadi
Are the criteria used to diagnose Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) biased? Examining criterion contamination for BPD criteria based on sexual orientation
Abstract:
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by a high negative affectivity and impulsivity. BPD is also 1.5-3 times more prevalent in sexual minority individuals. This disparity may be due to bias in the items used to diagnose BPD, as they may be conflating SM- specific factors with the BPD phenotype. If the criteria are ‘contaminated’ with SM-specific factors, sexual minorities may be more likely to endorse BPD symptoms for reasons other than BPD. Using item response theory, we tested whether BPD items were more likely to be endorsed by sexual minorities regardless of their relationships to internalizing (negative affectivity) and
externalizing (impulsivity) psychopathology in a large, nationally representative sample. We found 14/18 BPD items were easier to endorse with regard to externalizing, and 5/18 BPD items were easier to endorse with regard to internalizing. Chronic self-injury and impulsive sexual behavior had the largest disparities in endorsement for sexual minorities regardless of internalizing and externalizing levels. Our results show evidence of bias within the items and
criteria used to diagnose BPD, such that sexual minorities are more likely to endorse BPD items despite lower standing on the underlying psychopathology associated with BPD. Implications for equitable assessment in minoritized populations will be discussed.
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