Particle physics studies the most fundamental building blocks of reality in an attempt to discover how the universe works on the most fundamental level — the Theory of Everything! The Higgs boson discovery in 2012 completed the Standard Model of particle physics, but we know that this picture is insufficient, and many important questions remain unanswered… How can quantum mechanics and gravity be reconciled? What are dark matter and dark energy? Why is there more matter than anti-matter? Why are there three generations of matter particles, and why do they have the hierarchy of masses that they do? The newly discovered Higgs boson is the only fundamental spin-0 particle in the Standard Model, associated with an all-permeating, ever-present field thought to generate the mass of all other particles, and it might be the key to answering many of these crucial questions, and may lead to discoveries we have not anticipated. In particular, both the strength with which the Higgs boson interacts with itself and the Higgs boson lifetime contain important information about our universe. Moreover, one or more of these measurements could be the key to understanding many of the mysteries of the early universe, including why there is more matter than anti-matter, what caused inflation, and whether the vacuum of our universe is stable. This presentation will discuss these measurements in the context of the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. These analyses are very challenging, however, and the use of novel artificial intelligence techniques may be needed if these discoveries are to be made.