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Presented By: Integrable Systems and Random Matrix Theory Seminar - Department of Mathematics

Painlevé Universality class for the maximal amplitude solution of the Focusing Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation with randomness

Aikaterini Gkogkou (Tulane University)

In this work, we establish universality results for the $N$-soliton solution of the focusing NLS equation at maximal amplitude. Specifically, we choose the associated normalization constants so that the solution achieves its maximal peak, which, in the large-$N$ limit, satisfies a Painlevé-type equation independently of the distribution of the (random) discrete eigenvalues. We identify two distinct universality classes, determined by the structure of the discrete eigenvalues: the \textit{Painlevé--III} and \textit{Painlevé--V} rogue-wave solutions. In the Painlevé--III case, the eigenvalues take the form $\lambda_j = v_j + i \mu_j$, while for Painlevé--V they satisfy $\lambda_j = -\zeta \, j + v_j + i \mu_j$, with $0 < \zeta < 1$. In both cases, $v_j$ and $\mu_j$ are sub-exponential random variables. Universality can then be summarized as follows: regardless of the specific realizations of the amplitudes and velocities, provided they are sub-exponential random variables and the normalization constants are chosen to maximize the \(N\)-soliton solution, the resulting maximal peak always corresponds to either a Painlevé--III or Painlevé--V rogue-wave profile in the large-$N$ limit.

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