Pam Jagger will present the main findings from a comparative analysis of environmental income from approximately 8,000 households in 24 developing countries collected by research partners in CIFOR’s Poverty Environment Network (PEN) ) (Angelsen et al. 2014). Environmental income accounts for 28% of total household income, 77% of which comes from natural forests. Environmental income shares are higher for low-income households, but differences across income quintiles are less pronounced than previously thought. The poor rely more heavily on subsistence products such as wood fuels and wild foods, and on products harvested from natural areas other than forests. In absolute terms environmental income is approximately five times higher in the highest income quintile, compare to the two lowest quintiles. Analysis of the relationship between land tenure and environmental income will also be presented (Jagger et al. 2014). The main finding is that contrary to conventional wisdom, community forests (when compared with state and privately owned forests) do not yield high forest incomes for the poor. Work in progress leveraging the PEN dataset to explore the relationship between forest and energy transitions (Jagger et al. ) will be discussed.